CE mark
All FuG power supplies have a CE label - a guarantee of compliance with the current EMC and safety standards:

EMC:
EN 50081-1 and EN 50082-1 (single-phase mains connection)
EN 50081-2 and EN 50082-2 (two- and three-phase mains connection)

Safety:
EN 61010

Certificate of calibration
All FuG power supplies can be calibrated at the factory. The certificate of calibration, which can be given to the customer on request, confirms the compliance of the output data with the catalogue data e.g.:

• Indication on the DVM
• Monitor voltages*)
• Computer output data*)
• Reference voltage*)
• Linear coherence between control voltage and output value*)

*) Options

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Charging current
FuG capacitor charging power supplies operate with constant current. It is adjustable to every value up to the nominal value. On request units available with enhanced charging current at low voltage.

Charging power
Power specification for capacitor charging power supplies. The data is in J/s, and is valid for charging from "0" to the nominal voltage. For charging of a partially discharged capacitor a considerably higher charging power, up to the doubles, can be supplied.

Chopper controlled
see Switch mode power supply.

Current control
Standard power supplies can be operated in constant voltage or constant current mode. The switchover occurs automatically with a sharp transition.

Current limitation
When a power supply operates with constant voltage, the current potentiometer can be used for setting the current limit value. For the HCN7E series this value is fixed to the maximum.

Efficiency
We state no defined values for efficiency since it depends upon the operating point of the power supply. For typical efficiencies see table beneath. 

Electronic load
Unit, which has the behavior of a adjustable load resistor. Usually it is used for testing power supplies. Depending on the design, there can be adjusted and stabilized the resistance, the consummated power the or consummated current.

EMC
Electro Magnetic Compatibility - for standards see CE-mark.

EURO-size
19" cassette system cases, 3 HU

Fast de-energizing
Option for super conductor supplies for controlled de-energizing of super conducting coils/magnets at quench.

Final charging voltage
Preset voltage for capacitor charging power supplies up to which the capacitor shall be charged.

Floating output
So indicated terminals have no DC connection to other parts of the unit or to ground. The respective permissible potential difference (isolation voltage) is indicated.

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IMS-size
Older size of plug-in cases, 4 HU

Interlock
Loop for safety switching off when disconnected. Mains disconnection, but without forced discharging of the output or load. (see also Dumpswitch)

Light flux regulation
Lamp ballast units can have optionally a terminal for the connection of a photo-sensor to control the intensity of the lamp.

Linear regulation
Control of energy flow by one or more of bipolar or field effect transistors. The transistors are operated with the linear part of its characteristic and switched in series to the load.

Mains connection
Stated is the mains voltage, the permissible tolerance (±10%), the line frequency range and the type of mains connection, e.g. single phase, two-phase or three-phase. The conductors for N (neutral) and PE (protective earth) are always necessary.

Mains Fuses
The mains fuse for a power supply shall be the next bigger value to the built in input fuse. Required mains fuses for power supplies with two or three phase mains input see table below. For power supplies with one phase input usually a 16A fuse will be good.

Nominal current
Maximum available current.

Nominal power
Maximum available power from the power supply. No higher power is available - even for a short time. For FuG power supplies the first number in the type name is the power class or the main component of the the power supply. This value is approximately (but may be not exactly) the nominal power.

Nominal voltage
Maximum adjustable voltage. For FuG power supplies the second number in the type name is usually the nominal voltage of the power supply.

Output isolation
On units where the "0V" terminal is not firmly connected to earth (or may be optionally disconnected from earth), it is always shown up to which maximum voltage the terminal may be allowed to float with respect to earth.
For units with floating output (all low and medium voltage power supplies up to 2kV - except cassettes) this value is valid for either of the output terminals.

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Polarity reversal
For HV power supplies a polarity reversal switch is available as an option. For further information see options.

Power limitation
The output power of autoranging power supplies is limited to a fixed value. All other supply series can be operated at both nominal voltage and nominal current simultaneously.

Power control
Adjustable regulation of output power see options.

PROBUS
FuG name for our system of computer interfaces.

PWM-Regulator
Reulator with Puls Width Modulation. Such regulators are used in switch mode power supplies and in drives.

Quench
The transition of a super conducting coil / magnet from super conducting to normally conducting condition. If no special measures are provided, the energy, stored in the magnetic field, will be transformed into thermal energy within a short time when this happens.

Setting time
The time required before the output value of a power supply reaches the set value

Stability
See deviation.

Standards
The design and production of our power supplies is in accordance with the latest standards for EMC and safety. See also CE.

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Temperature coefficient (TC)
In addition to the value for long-term stability (see deviation), we also refer to the 'drift' of an output value as a function of the variation in the ambient temperature whilst the supply is operating under otherwise constant conditions. The data is specified as 'per Kelvin' and is only valid within the stated operating temperature range. The TC is always referred to the nominal value. When the option "higher stability" is integrated, then the TC figure improves.

Temperature range
See Ambient temperature

Thyristor regulation
Control of energy flow by a phase cutting circuit with thyristors, operating at the frequency of the mains input.

Trigger input
Capacitor charging power supplies have a potential-free input (opto-coupler) for the control of the charging cycle.
 
Unipolar power supply
Units with only one polarity and with no regulation through zero.

Voltage control
Standard power supplies can be operated in constant voltage or constant current modes. The switch-over occurs automatically with a sharp transition.

Warm-up time
Stability data is only valid after a warm-up time of min. 30 minutes.

2-quadrant operation
The unit operates as a current source and also as current sink (electronic load) with only one polarity of the output voltage. (see actice pull-down)

4-quadrant operation
The unit operates as a current source and also as current sink (electronic load) with both polarities of the output voltage. (see also bipolar power supply)

 Typical Efficiency and required mains fuses for power supplies with two - and three phase mains:

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